Archive for January, 2010

What is the definition of nutrition and structures in Science?

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

There’s a follow-up question after this: What is the comparison and contrast between the structures, nutrition and reproduction of the 5 kingdoms ( Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae)?

Please reply A.S.A.P. Thanks for helping.

The five-kingdom classification of organisms
Nomenclature: Naming of organisms
Binomial: Biological name of an organism → Genus species
Taxon: Set of organisms within a category / Taxonomy / Study of biological classification
Different levels of taxons: SPECIES, GENUS, FAMILY, ORDER, CLASS, PHYLUM, KINGDOM
Most number of species on right
Most similar organisms on left
Unicellular: Single cell; Colonial: Groups of cells; Multicellular: Many cells
Autotrophs produce energy from inorganic sources
Phototrophs from photosynthesis/sunlight
Chemotrophs from simple inorganic (oxidative) processes
Heterotrophs digest and absorb organic molecules

Prokaryotae (prokaryotes)
Cell structure:
Prokaryotes, unicellular
Prokaryotes lack cytoplasmic organelles found in eukaryotes
Cell wall: murein
Nutrition: autotrophic (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis), aerobic heterotrophs
Divide by binary fission, not by mitosis
≈10μm in size (bacterial cell, filaments of blue-green bacteria)
Mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the root of legumes / symbiotic

Protoctista (protoctists)
Cell structure: eukaryotes, unicellular and multicellular
Cell wall: (sometimes) polysaccharide
Nutrition: autotrophic, heterotrophic
Placed in this category by exclusion / cannot be placed in any other kingdom
Slime moulds / fungi characteristics
Protozoa / heterotrophic and ingest food
Algae / photosynthesis
≈10μm (amoeba) – 1m (Laminaria / large brown alga)

Fungi
Cell structure: eukaryotes, multicellular and unicellular (yeast)
Cell wall: chitin
Nutrition: heterotrophic / saprotrophic decomposers or parasitic
Genus Penicillium
Body of a fungus is composed of thin filaments called hyphae / form a mycelium
Secret enzymes / external digestion / absorbs resulting nutrients
Erect hyphae that grow upwards from the mycelium carry their reproductive spores
Chains of spores on the erect hyphae / coloured mould visible on stored food
Break down organic matter

Plantae (plants)
Cell structure: only multicellular, eukaryotic; large vacuoles
Cell wall: cellulose
Nutrition: autotrophic (photosynthetic)
Growth is restricted to meristems (layers/patches of dividing cells)
Non-motile; adapted to land / strong tissues, leave gas exchange system, waterproofed
Eg mosses, ferns, conifers, angiosperms (flowering plants)

Plant kingdom has two different types of adults in their life cycle
Gametophytes, hidden in plant / sexual reproduction forms multicellular zygotes
Sporophytes, what we call plant / asexual reproduction to form spores that germinate into gametophytes
Gametophyte (n) → gamete (n) → fertilisation → zygote (2n) → mitosis → sporophyte (2n) → meiosis → spore (n) → mitosis → gametophyte (n)

Animalia (humans, animals)
Cell structure: eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell wall
Develop form a blastocyst / embryo
Have nervous and hormonal control systems
No cell wall!
Nutrition: heterotrophic, involving a digestive system
Are motile and grow throughout tissues (no mersitems)

How to change color of stove and other appliances in kitchen?

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

We are moving to a new house and taking our 3 year old white refrigerator and my many other white small appliances with us. (All are 3 years old or less). Problem is that the place we are moving to has a built in stove, dishwasher, and microwave that are black and 3 years old as well. Any suggestions? Can you reface all of these appliances or am I going to have to live with a mismatched kitchen for quite a few years?

I have painted a dishwasher to match my other appliances. I masked off the areas that I didn’t want to get paint on and used cardboard on the cabinets (taped up). I used a can of Krylon and it looked great and lasted. Now Krylon makes appliance paint. I used it on something…forgot what now. I don’t know about painting a stove. It may be easier to paint the fridge black. But it you can’t paint and have to use black and white, it won’t look bad at all. Accent it with reds and yellows. It will distract from the colors and don’t fret too much. I lived with Coppertone for years and then at the next house I had a white fridge, a harvest gold dishwasher and a green stove….YUK

Replaced the stove (it was just a drop-in) Bought one very cheap from the classifieds. Painted the dishwasher.

Now I am in another house and have matching appliances…..but I have a pink bathtub and tile…oh well, just learn to work with it….
Good Luck in the new house.

Kelli

How do you create a nutrition facts label?

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010

A nutrition facts label is required on most pre-packaged food in North America. How would someone go about creating one for one of their products?

This is actually a great question, I’ve been through this and I can tell you this; if you will produce more than 10,000 units or will have I believe 10 or more employees then you need a nutrition label and it needs to be displayed in certain areas. You can find an independent food lab in the yellow pages under laboratory. Now things may of changed so I would suggest going to the FDA website (www.fda.gov) just type in business in the search bar and you’ll find tons of info regarding policies. I would suggest if you are serious, finding out if a college near you deals with the culinary arts and if they have any cross classes in business that may help people out for class projects etc.

I have many stainless steel appliances that need major cleaning. What is the best cleaner or home remedy?

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010

All of my small appliances are stainless steel and they all have spots on them. I have tried a variety of cleaners but nothing seems to work. What is the best cleaner or home remedy that will work for this? I would like for them to look like new. Thanks!

Stainless steel kitchen appliances look best when they’re clean and shiny. To clean tough stains and cooking grease, and give them a dazzling shine, try the same detergent you would use when washing the dishes. One formulated to cut grease works especially well.This also works well for general kitchen cleaning.Waterless hand soap also works great as a polish, simply rub on, and polish – no rinsing…

What kind of sport nutrition stuff should i get to cut down the fat and build muscle?

Tuesday, January 12th, 2010

Im 15, i play football and I want to get rid of some of my extra fat and build muscle in its place. a couple of my friends use like sport nutrition powder and it really shows off on them. I’m gunna buy some soon but there are so many different kinds. I don’t know which one to buy. Do I just go into the nearest GNC and ask them or please post what you reccommend.

I highly recommend Pure Whey Protein Stack

Champion Nutrition does it again! This flavor is relatively new to me… I tried a sample pack a couple of months ago and it was absolutely delicious. It’s not a super-fake banana taste (like the Runts candies), but more of a creamy flavor, which is implied by the play on words that is the name of the flavor (Banana Scream::Bananas’n'Cream).

The quality of the protein is excellent as well, including both isolate and concentrate (a stack). Great overall consistency, stirring ability (a bit thick on the surface of the liquid when you stir it), shaking consistency is perfect (frothy, creamy, lump-less), and blend-ability is great, too. It thickens up and lightens up nicely when blended, turning 16oz of shake into about 24 oz’s of a lighter frothier liquid. It has a consistent texture when blended as well, unlike some proteins that settle and have separation.

Overall, I give this whey a 5/5. Delicious taste, great macros, and great price.

I bought it with free shipping from…
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0001FSDQM?ie=UTF8&tag=aor-sale-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B0001FSDQM
Hope you find your favorite. Good Luck!

How do you switch on kitchen appliances without removing them first?

Tuesday, January 12th, 2010

I have just moved into a new property. The kitchen appliances (Fridge, washing machine etc) have no obvious switches on the wall to allow the power to be switched on and off. There are the fuse sockets on the wall for each appliance. Does this mean i will have to remove each built in appliance to switch them on at the back or might there be a switch somewhere less obvious? Or might there be another reason no appliances are working? There is electricity.

The fridge and washing machine will have regular sockets, just behind them where there are difficult to get to. The cooker will be wired in directly to the wall as they require more current and thicker cable. If you look at your main fusebox, there will be a fuse for each circuit, eg. upstairs lights, upstairs sockets, downstairs lights, downstairs sockets, which will isolate each circuit if switched off. The cooker will have it’s own circuit, as required by UK law. If one of your appliances has malfunctioned, the circuit breaker will have tripped and cut the power to the sockets in your kitchen. If you look at the main fusebox (probably in a cupboard somewhere or up high) there will probably be one switch that’s pointing a different way to all the others. Flip it back and you should have power. This will also happen if a lightbulb fuses.

You could use this to switch off all your appliances at night, but I wouldn’t recommend it, as it will switch off your fridge and all your food will spoil. If your appliances have isolator switches on the wall (ones above them with little red lights) use those to switch them on and off.